The Federal Service for the Supervision of Environment, Technology and Nuclear Management (Rostekhnadzor) is a federal executive body, responsible for drafting and implementing government policy and legal regulation in the field of technological and nuclear oversight. It is also responsible for overseeing operational safety in the use of natural resources, industrial safety, and safety in the use of nuclear energy (with the exception of designing, producing, testing, operating, and disposing of nuclear weapons and nuclear power stations for military use), and the safety of electrical and heating plants and networks (except for household devices and systems). The service also oversees the safety of hydro-engineering structures (with the exception of hydro-engineering facilities for shipping and hydro-engineering facilities which have been transferred to local jurisdictions), the safe production, storage and use of industrial explosives, as well as special public safety functions in this area.

The Federal Service for the Supervision of Environment, Technology and Nuclear Management performs the functions of:

a government agency responsible for safety regulations when using nuclear energy, authorised to perform the functions of federal technological and nuclear oversight of nuclear energy;

an authorised agency in the field of industrial safety (federal oversight agency in the field of industrial safety);

a government agency, responsible for mining oversight;

a federal government agency, responsible for energy oversight;

a federal government agency, responsible for construction oversight;

a regulatory agency under the Convention on Nuclear Safety and the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, as well as the relevant Russian agency under the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material.